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硬碳是钠离子电池的理想负极材料，但其商业应用面临原材料成本高的难题。为开发低成本硬碳材料，并实现酿酒废弃物酒糟的高值化利用，以废弃酒糟为前驱体，采用一种绿色、可扩展的熔盐高温刻蚀法制备硬碳材料，研究了碳化温度对硬碳材料微观结构(比表面积、孔隙率、层间距和石墨化程度)及电化学储钠性能的影响。结果表明：在优化温度1 100℃下制备的硬碳材料，具有适中的短程有序石墨微晶和丰富的多级孔道结构，为钠离子存储提供了丰富活性位点，有利于离子/电子传输，作为钠离子电池负极时表现出优异的电化学性能，在0.05 A·g-1的电流密度下可逆容量达到213.2 mAh·g-1,并具有出色的倍率性能和长循环稳定性。本工作为废弃酒糟高值化利用和高性能碳基储能材料开发提供了有效途径。
Abstract：Hard carbon is an ideal anode material for sodium-ion batteries, yet its commercial application is hindered by the high cost of raw materials. To develop low-cost hard carbon materials and achieve high-value utilization of brewing waste(distillers' grains), this study employed a green and scalable molten salt high-temperature etching approach to prepare hard carbon using distillers' grains as the precursor. The effects of carbonization temperature on the microstructure(including specific surface area, porosity, interlayer spacing, and graphitization degree) and electrochemical sodium-ion storage performance of the hard carbon materials were systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the hard carbon material prepared at the optimized temperature of 1 100 ℃ exhibits moderate short-range ordered graphite microcrystals and abundant hierarchical pore structures, which provide rich active sites for sodium-ion storage and facilitate ion/electron transport. As an anode for sodium-ion batteries, it delivers outstanding electrochemical performance: a reversible capacity of 213.2 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 0.05 A·g-1, excellent rate capability, and long-term cycling stability. This work presents an effective strategy for the high-value utilization of distillers' grains waste and the development of high-performance carbon-based energy storage materials.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20036/j.cnki.1671-8755.2026.01.003
中图分类号:TQ127.11;TM912
引用信息:
[1]李小磊,苏建,黎崎均,等.酒糟基硬碳材料制备及储钠性能研究[J].西南科技大学学报,2026,41(01):19-28.DOI:10.20036/j.cnki.1671-8755.2026.01.003.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(52302218); 四川省自然科学基金项目(2025ZNSFSC1378); 五粮液集团公司产学研合作项目(CXY2021ZR002)
2025-09-25
2025
2025-11-21
2025-11-17
2025
1
2026-03-31
2026-03-31